Actinistia

Actinistia; Temporal range: Devonian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	West Indian Ocean coelacanth
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Sarcopterygii
Subclass:	Actinistia; Cope, 1871
Orders and families
	†Miguashaiidae; †Diplocercidae; †Hadronectoridae; †Rhabdodermatidae; †Laugiidae; Coelacanthiformes;
Synonyms
	Coelacanthimorpha;

Whiteia fossils

Actinistia is a subclass of mostly fossil lobe-finned fishes. This subclass contains the coelacanths (Order Coelacanthiformes), including the two living species of coelacanths, both of the genus Latimeria: the West Indian Ocean coelacanth and the Indonesian coelacanth.

Taxonomy

Class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods)
- Subclass Actinistia
  - Family Miguashaiidae (Devonian)
    - †Miguashaia
  - Family Diplocercidae (Devonian and Lower Carboniferous)
    - †Dictyonosteus
    - †Diplocercides (Nesides)
  - Family Hadronectoridae
    - †Allenypterus
    - †Hadronector
    - †Holopterygius
    - †Lochmocercus
    - †Polyosteorhynchus
    - †Spermatodus
  - Family Rhabdodermatidae (Primarily Carboniferous)
    - †Caridosuctor
    - †Rhabdoderma
    - †Sassenia
  - Family Laugiidae (Lower Triassic to Lower Cretaceous)
    - †Coccoderma
    - †Laugia
    - †Trachymetopon
  - Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths)
    - †Family Whiteiidae
    - †Family Rebellatricidae
    - Suborder Latimerioidei
      - †Family Mawsoniidae
      - Family Latimeriidae

Phylogeny

A, Miguashaia bureaui, Shultze, 1973, Upper Devonian (Frasnian), Migausha, Canada;
B, Diplocercides heiligostockiensis, Jessen (1966), Upper Devonian (Frasnian), Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany;
C, Serenicthys kowiensis gen. et sp. nov., Upper Devonian (Famennian), Grahamstown, South Africa;
D, Allenypterus montanus Melton 1969, Lower Carboniferous (Namurian), Montana, USA;
E, Rhabdodema elegans, (Newberry, 1856), Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian), Linton, Ohio, USA;
F, Latimeria chalumnae Smith 1939, recent, east coast of Africa.

The following cladograms are based on multiple sources.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Rhipidistia

Actinistia

Miguashaiidae

	Gavinia

	Miguashaia

Diplocercidae

	Dictyonosteus

	Diplocercides

Hadronectoridae

Hadronector

	Allenypterus

	Holopterygius

Lochmocercus

Polyosteorhynchus

Rhabdodermatidae

	Rhabdoderma

	Caridosuctor

	Synaptotylus

Sassenia

Coelacanthidae

	Axelia

	Coelacanthus

	Wimania

	Ticinepomis

Laugiidae

	Coccoderma

	Laugia

	Trachymetopon

	Spermatodus

	Coelacanthiformes

Coelacanthiformes

Whiteiidae

	Piveteauia

	Whiteia

Rebellatricidae

Rebellatrix

Latimerioidei

Garnbergia

Mawsoniidae

Chinlea

Parnaibaia

	Mawsonia

	Axelrodichthys

	Diplurus

	Libys

Latimeriidae

	Holophagus

	Undina

Macropoma

	Swenzia

	Latimeria

References

^ Wendruff, A. J.; Wilson, M. V. H. (2012). "A fork-tailed coelacanth, Rebellatrix divaricerca, gen. et sp. nov. (Actinistia, Rebellatricidae, fam. nov.), from the Lower Triassic of Western Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (3): 499–511. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.657317.
^ Gallo, V.; M.S.S. de Carvalho; H.R.S. Santos (2010). "New occurrence of †Mawsoniidae (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) in the Morro do Chaves Formation, Lower Cretaceous of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeastern Brazil". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 5 (2): 195–205.
^ Long, J. A. (1995). The rise of fishes: 500 million years of evolution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
^ Cloutier, R.; Ahlberg, P. E. (1996). Morphology, characters, and the interrelationships of basal sarcopterygians. pp. 445–479.
^ Clement, G. (2005). "A new coelacanth (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) from the Jurassic of France, and the question of the closest relative fossil to Latimeria". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (3): 481–491. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0481:ancasf]2.0.co;2.

[Rebellatrix-1] Wendruff, A. J.; Wilson, M. V. H. (2012). "A fork-tailed coelacanth, Rebellatrix divaricerca, gen. et sp. nov. (Actinistia, Rebellatricidae, fam. nov.), from the Lower Triassic of Western Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (3): 499–511. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.657317.

[Mawsonia-2] Gallo, V.; M.S.S. de Carvalho; H.R.S. Santos (2010). "New occurrence of †Mawsoniidae (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) in the Morro do Chaves Formation, Lower Cretaceous of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeastern Brazil". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 5 (2): 195–205.

[Long-3] Long, J. A. (1995). The rise of fishes: 500 million years of evolution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

[Cloutier-4] Cloutier, R.; Ahlberg, P. E. (1996). Morphology, characters, and the interrelationships of basal sarcopterygians. pp. 445–479.

[Clement-5] Clement, G. (2005). "A new coelacanth (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) from the Jurassic of France, and the question of the closest relative fossil to Latimeria". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (3): 481–491. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0481:ancasf]2.0.co;2.

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