List of battles by casualties

The following is a list of the casualties count in battles in world history. The list includes both sieges (not technically battles but usually yielding similar combat-related deaths) and civilian casualties during the battles. Large battle casualty counts are almost impossible to calculate precisely. Many of these figures are estimates, and, where possible, a range of estimates is presented. Figures display numbers of all types of casualties when available (killed, wounded, missing, and sick) but may only include number killed. Where possible, the list specifies whether or not prisoners are included in the count. This list does not include bombing runs (such as the attack on Pearl Harbor and the bombing of Tokyo) or massacres such as the Rape of Nanking, which, despite potentially massive casualties, are not typically classified as "battles", since they are usually one-sided engagements or the nation attacked is not officially at war with the attackers. Tactical or strategic strikes, however, may form part of larger engagements which are themselves battles.

Classical formation battles

These refer to battles in which armies met on a single field of battle and fought each other for anywhere from one to several days. Military formations lost their impact and the use of this type of battle died out in favor of grander military operations.

Battle	Year	Conflict	Casualties
Battle of Thymbra	!9452 547 BC	Lydian–Persian War	0,100,001 100,000^[1]
Battle of Marathon	!9509 490 BC	Greco-Persian Wars	0,005,001 5,000–8,000^[2]
Battle of Thermopylae	!9519 480 BC	Greco-Persian Wars	0,022,300 22,300^[3]–22,500^[4]
Battle of Plataea	!9520 479 BC	Greco-Persian War	0,051,500 51,500^[4]–257,000^[3]
Battle of Chaeronea	!9661 338 BC	Rise of Macedon	0,001,000 1,000^[5]–4,000
Battle of the Granicus	!9665 334 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	0,007,000 Around 7,000^[6]
Battle of Issus	!9666 333 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	0,020,001 20,000-40,000^[7]
Battle of Gaugamela	!9668 331 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	0,053,500 53,500^[8]
Battle of the Hydaspes	!9673 326 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	0,023,310 23,310^[8]
Battle of Sentinum	!9704 295 BC	Third Samnite War	0,033,701 33,700^[9]
Battle of Heraclea	!9719 280 BC	Pyrrhic War	0,011,001 11,000–26,000^[9]
Battle of Kalinga	!9737 262 BC	Kalinga-Maurya Empire	0,150,001 150,000^[10]–200,000 or even 300,000^[11]^[12] (including civilians)
Battle of Changping	!9739 260 BC	Qin's wars of unification	0,700,000 700,000 (according to ancient sources)
Battle of the Trebia	!9781 218 BC	Second Punic War	0,035,000 35,000^[13]
Battle of Lake Trasimene	!9782 217 BC	Second Punic War	0,030,001 30,000^[13]
Battle of Cannae	!9783 216 BC	Second Punic War	0,056,001 56,000^[14]–92,000 or more^[15]
Battle of the Metaurus	!9792 207 BC	Second Punic War	0,012,000 12,000^[16]
Battle of Zama	!9797 202 BC	Second Punic War	0,021,500 21,500^[16]
Battle of Magnesia	!9809 190 BC	Roman–Seleucid War	0,053,350 53,350^[17]
Battle of Pydna	!9831 168 BC	Third Macedonian War	0,021,000 21,000^[17]
Battle of Arausio	!9894 105 BC	Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)	0,084,000 84,000^[18]^[19]^[20]
Battle of Carrhae	!9946 53 BC	Roman–Persian Wars	0,024,000 24,000^[21]
Siege of Alesia	!9947 52 BC	Gallic Wars	0,100,000 100,000–150,000
Battle of Pharsalus	!9951 48 BC	Caesar's Civil War	0,017,000 17,000^[22]
Battle of Philippi	!9957 42 BC	Liberators' civil war	0,024,000 24,000
Battle of Actium	!9968 31 BC	Final War of the Roman Republic	0,007,500 7,500 or more
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest	9 AD	Roman–Germanic wars	0,020,000 20,000^[23]
Battle of Watling Street	61 AD	Iceni Revolt	0,080,400 80,400^[24]
Battle of Mons Graupius	84 AD	Roman conquest of Britain	0,010,360 10,360^[25]
Battle of Guandu	#0200	Three Kingdoms	0,078,001 78,000^[26]
Battle of Red Cliffs	#0208	Three Kingdoms	0,100,001 100,000^[26]
Battle of Barbalissos	#0252	Roman–Persian Wars	0,060,000 60,000
Battle of Edessa	#0260	Roman–Persian Wars	0,050,000 50,000-70,000
Battle of Adrianople	#0378	Gothic War	0,040,000 40,000 or more^[27]
Battle of Fei River	#0383	Wu Hu Era	0,150,001 150,000 or more ^[28]
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains	#0451	Hunnic Invasion	0,165,000 165,000 (doubtful, according to one ancient source)^[29]
Battle of Salsu	#0612	Goguryeo–Sui War	0,302,300 302,300^[30]
Battle of al-Qadisiyyah	#0636	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,031,000 31,000^[31]
Battle of Muzayyah	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,010,000 10,000
Battle of Ullais	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,035,000 35,000^[32]
Battle of River	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,015,001 More than 15,000^[33]
Battle of Walaja	#0636	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,022,000 22,000^[34]
Battle of Nahavand	#0642	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,028,500 28,500^[35]
Battle of Yarmouk	#0636	Muslim conquest of the Levant	0,070,001 70,000^[36]
Battle of Tours	#0732	Umayyad invasion of Gaul	0,013,001 13,000
Battle of Gwiju	#1019	Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War	0,090,000 90,000+.
Battle of Nhu Nguyet river	#01077	Lý–Song War	0,150,000 150,000^[37]^[38]
Battle of Montgisard	#1177	Ayyubid–Crusader War	0,025,851 Around 25,850
Battle of Hattin	#1187	Ayyubid–Crusader War	0,017,001 17,000–20,000^[39]
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa	#1212	Reconquista	0,060,001 60,000^[40]
Battle of Yehuling	#1212	Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty	0,050,000 Around 50,000
Battle of the Kalka River	#1223	Mongol invasion of Rus'	0,050,001 Around 50,000 ^[41]
Battle of Legnica	#1241	Mongol invasion of Poland	0,030,001 30,000^[42]
Battle of Mohi	#1241	Mongol invasion of Europe	0,015,001 15,000^[43]
Third battle of Bach Dang river	#1288	Mongol invasion of Vietnam	0,085,000 85,000^[44]
Battle of Jaran Manjur	#1298	Mongol invasions of India	0,020,001 Over 20,000
Battle of Yamen	#1279	Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty	0,100,001 100,000
Battle of Bannockburn	#1314	First War of Scottish Independence	0,019,001 19,000^[45]
Battle of Kulikovo	#1380	List of Mongol and Tatar raids against Rus'	0,136,001 136,000
Battle of Roosebeke	#1382	Hundred years war	0,027,601 27,600
Battle of the Terek River	#1395	Tokhtamysh–Timur war	0,100,001 100,000^[46]
Conquest of Delhi	#1398	Timur's Indian campaign	0,100,001 100,000^[47]^[48]
Battle of Ankara	#1402	Ottoman–Timur War	0,015,000 15,000 or more^[49]
Battle of Grunwald	#1410	Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War	0,013,001 13,000^[50]
Battle of Agincourt	#1415	Hundred Years' War	0,014,000 14,000^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động	#1426	Lam Sơn uprising	0,030,000 30,000^[51]
Tumu Crisis	#1449	Ming–Mongol War	0,200,001 200,000 or more^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Towton	#1461	Wars of the Roses	0,028,000 28,000^[52]
Night Attack at Târgoviște	#1462	Wallachian-Ottoman Wars	0,020,000 20,000^[53]
Battle of Vaslui	#1475	Moldavian-Ottoman Wars	0,040,000 40,000 or more^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Valea Albă	#1476	Moldavian–Ottoman Wars	0,030,000 30,000 or more^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Kabul	#1504	Campaigns of Babur	0,020,001 20,000 or more^[54]
Battle of Ravenna	#1512	War of the League of Cambrai	0,013,500 13,500^[55]
Battle of Marignano	#1515	War of the League of Cambrai	0,011,000 11,000–15,000^[56]
Battle of Ridaniya	#1517	Ottoman wars in the Near East	0,013,000 13,000^[57]
First Battle of Panipat	#1526	Mughal Conquest	0,020,001 20,000–50,000^[58]
Battle of Mohács	#1526	Ottoman–Hungarian wars	0,030,000 Probably 30,000^[59]
Battle of Ghaghra	#1529	Mughal Conquest	0,013,001 13,000^[60]
Battle of Lepanto	#1571	Ottoman–Venetian wars	0,022,566 22,566–27,566^[61]
Battle of Molodi	#1572	Russo-Crimean Wars	0,029,000 29,000–33,000 or 100 000^[62]
Battle of Chungju	#1592	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)	0,008,000 8,000–16,000^[63] 100,000^[64]^[65]
Battle of Călugăreni	#1595	Long War (Ottoman War)	0,011,000 11,000–16,000^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Sacheon (1598)	#1598	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)	0,030,000 30,000^[66]
Battle of Sekigahara	#1600	Sengoku period	0,060,000 60,000 or less^[67]
First Battle of Breitenfeld	#1631	Thirty Years' War	0,020,000 20,000 or more^[68]
Battle of Lützen	#1632	Thirty Years' War	0,011,000 11,000–14,000^[68]
Battle of Nördlingen	#1634	Thirty Years' War	0,017,000 17,000^[69]
Battle of the Downs	#1639	Eighty Years' War	0,015,000 15,000 or more^[70]
Battle of Song-Jin	#1641	Qing conquest of the Ming	0,060,001 60,000^{[citation needed]}
Second Battle of Breitenfeld	#1642	Thirty Years' War	0,014,000 14,000^[71]
Battle of Jankau	#1645	Thirty Years' War	0,015,500 15,500^[72]
Battle of Berestechko	#1651	Khmelnytsky Uprising	0,030,200 30,000–40,000^[73]
Battle of Samugarh	#1658	Mughal Conquest	0,032,000 32,000^[70]
Battle of Khajwa	#1659	Mughal Conquest	0,020,000 20,000^[70]
Battle of Lund	#1676	Scanian War	0,014,000 14,000^[74]
Battle of Vienna	#1683	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	0,019,500 19,500^[75]
Battle of Bijapur	#1686^[76]	Mughal Conquest	0,017,000 17,000^[77]
Battle of Landen	#1693	War of the Grand Alliance	0,028,000 28,000^[77]
Battle of Zenta	#1697	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	0,030,300 30,300^[78]
Battle of Jinji	#1698	Mughal Conquest	0,016,000 16,000^[77]
Battle of Blenheim	#1704	War of the Spanish Succession	0,032,000 32,000^[77]
Battle of Fraustadt	#1706	Great Northern War	0,016,500 16,500^[79]
Battle of Ramillies	#1706	War of the Spanish Succession	0,015,600 15,600^[80]
Battle of Poltava	#1709	Great Northern War	0,014,300 14,300^[81]
Battle of Malplaquet	#1709	War of the Spanish Succession	0,095,000 95,000^[80]
Battle of Fontenoy	#1745	War of the Austrian Succession	0,014,000 14,000^[82]
Battle of Leuthen	#1757	Seven Years' War	0,011,800 11,800^[83]
Battle of Zorndorf	#1758	Seven Years' War	0,030,000 30,000^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Kunersdorf	#1759	Seven Years' War	0,035,000 35,000^[84]
Third Battle of Panipat	#1761	Marathas and Afghans	0,100,001 150,000-200,000 (including civilian camp followers)^[85]^[86]
Battle of Kagul	#1770	Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)	0,021,000 21,000^[87]
Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút	#1785	Siamese-Vietnamese Wars	0,050,000 50,000^[88]
Battle of Rymnik	#1789	Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)	0,021,000 21,000^[89]
Battle of Arcole	#1796	War of the First Coalition	0,011,000 11,000^[90]
Battle of Trebbia	#1799	War of the Second Coalition	0,017,000 17,000–23,000^[91]
Battle of Novi	#1799	War of the Second Coalition	0,019,500 19,500^[92]
Battle of Marengo	#1800	War of the Second Coalition	0,016,400 16,400^[93]
Ulm campaign	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	0,062,000 62,000^[93]
Battle of Austerlitz	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	0,045,300 45,300^[94]
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt	#1806	War of the Fourth Coalition	0,052,000 52,000 including prisoners later killed^[95]
Battle of Eylau	#1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	0,040,000 40,000^[95]
Battle of Wagram	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	0,077,000 77,000^[95]–79,000^[96]
Battle of Talavera	#1809	Peninsular War	0,013,900 13,900^[97]
Battle of Slobozia	#1811	Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)	0,020,000 20,000^[98]
Battle of Salamanca	#1812	Peninsular War	0,018,800 18,800^[99]
Battle of Borodino	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,074,000 74,000^[100]
Battle of Berezina	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,060,000 60,000^[100]
Battle of Vitoria	#1813	Peninsular War	0,013,000 13,000^[99]
Battle of Leipzig	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,124,000 124,000^[101]
Battle of Dresden	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,048,000 48,000^[94]
Battle of Ligny	#1815	Hundred Days	0,028,000 28,000^[102]
Battle of Waterloo	#1815	Hundred Days	0,047,000 47,000 or more (not including prisoners and missing)^[103]^[104]
Battle of Inkerman	#1854	Crimean War	0,015,857 15,857^[105]
Battle of Shiloh	#1862	American Civil War	0,024,000 24,000^[106]
Battle of Antietam	#1862	American Civil War	0,023,000 23,000^[107]–26,193^[108]
Battle of Fredericksburg	#1862	American Civil War	0,017,300 17,300^[107]–17,962^[109]
Battle of Gettysburg	#1863	American Civil War	0,051,000 51,000^[110]^[111]
Battle of Chickamauga	#1863	American Civil War	0,034,001 34,000^[112]
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House	#1864	American Civil War	0,030,001 30,000^[113]
Battle of Stones River	#1862–1863	American Civil War	0,024,001 24,000^[114]
Battle of Königgrätz	#1866	Austro-Prussian War	0,047,500 47,500^[115]
Battle of Tuyutí	#1866	Paraguayan War	0,007,001 7,000–16,000^[116]
Battle of Mars-la-Tour/Battle of Gravelotte	#1870	Franco-Prussian War	0,034,000 34,000^[115]
Battle of Sedan	#1870	Franco-Prussian War	0,026,000 26,000^[117]
Battle of Adwa	#1896	First Italo-Ethiopian War	0,017,300 17,300^[118]
Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican	#1896	Philippine Revolutionary War	0,002,001 2,000–15,000^[119]
Battle of Omdurman	#1898	Mahdist War	0,020,430 20,430^[120]
Battle of Sakarya	#1921	Greco–Turkish War of 1919–22	0,061,000 61,000^[121]^[122]

Sieges and urban combat

This list includes sieges, as well as modern battles that were fought primarily in urban areas. Major military operations that included city fighting are listed below. The battles included here inflicted at least 50,000 casualties.

Siege	Year	Conflict	Casualties (High est.)	Casualties (Low est.)
Siege of Alesia	52 BC	Gallic Wars	200,000	100,000
Siege of Constantinople	717–718	Arab–Byzantine wars	170,000	130,000^[36]
Siege of Yongzhou	1076	Lý-Song War	140,000^[123]	78,000^[124]
Siege of Baghdad	1258	Mongol invasions and conquests	2,000,000^[125]	100,000^[125]
Siege of Tenochtitlan	1521	Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire	240,000	100,000^[126]^[127]
Siege of Rhodes	1522	Ottoman wars in Europe	55,200^[57]	55,200
Siege of Chittorgarh	1567–1568	Mughal-Rajput Wars (1558-1576)	40,000	35,000
Siege of Ostend	1601–1604	Eighty Years' War	115,000	90,000
Siege of Candia	1648–1669	Cretan War	149,739	149,739
Second Siege of Zaragoza	1808–1809	Peninsular War	64,000^[128]	64,000
First Siege of Sevastopol	1854–1855	Crimean War	230,000^[129]	230,000
Third Battle of Nanking	1863	Taiping Rebellion	100,000^[130]	100,000
Siege of Petersburg	1864–1865	American Civil War	70,000^[131]	70,000
Battle of Gettysburg	1863	American Civil War	50,000	50,000
Siege of Paris	1871	Franco-Prussian War	332,142	229,000
Siege of Plevna	1877	Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)	75,000^[132]	75,000
Siege of Port Arthur	1904–1905	Russo-Japanese War	100,000^[133]	100,000
Siege of Adrianople	1912–1913	First Balkan War	93,282^[134]	93,282
Battle of Taiyuan	1937	World War II	130,000^[135]	130,000
Battle of Xinkou	1937	World War II	200,000^{[citation needed]}	200,000
Battle of Shanghai	1937	World War II	400,000^[136]	400,000
Battle of Wuhan	1938	World War II	540,000^[137]	540,000
First Battle of Changsha	1939	World War II	80,000+	80,000+^[138]
Battle of Nanchang	1939	World War II	75,328^[139]	75,328
Battle of Dunkirk	1940	World War II	88,000^[140]	88,000
Battle of South Shanxi	1941	World War II	120,000+	120,000+^[141]
Siege of Odessa	1941	World War II	133,813^[142]	133,813
Battle of Kiev	1941	World War II	700,544^[142]	700,544
Second Siege of Sevastopol	1941–1942	World War II	236,437	236,437
Third Battle of Changsha	1942	World War II	84,862^[143]	84,862
Battle of Stalingrad	1942–1943	World War II	2,500,620^[144]	1,250,000^[145]
Battle of Changde	1943	World War II	100,000	100,000^[146]
Battle of West Hubei	1943	World War II	115,830	115,830^[147]
Siege of Leningrad	1941–1944	World War II	5,500,000^[148]	1,117,000^[149]^[150]
Warsaw Uprising	1944	World War II	200,000+	200,000+^[151]
Siege of Budapest	1944–1945	World War II	422,000	422,000^[152]
Battle of Berlin	1945	World War II	1,298,745^[153]	1,298,745^[154]
Battle of Okinawa	1945	World War II	241,593^[155]	241,593^[155]
Battle of Manila	1945	World War II	500,000^[156]^[157]	100,000^[158]^[159]
Battle of the Bulge	1944–1945	World War II	218,900	161,370^[160]
Siege of Changchun	1948^[161]	Chinese Civil War	425,000	425,000^[162]
Siege of Basra	1987	Iran-Iraq War	85,000	85,000

Major operations

This list includes major operations and prolonged battles or operations fought over a large area or for a long time. The duration of some operations, like the Battle of Moscow, are disputed so numbers found in various sources may differ for that reason alone.

Operation	Year	Conflict	Casualties
Flanders and the Rhine Campaign	#1702–1713	War of the Spanish Succession	0,190,442 190 442
Ulm Campaign	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	0,062,000 62,000
French invasion of Russia	#1812	Napoleonic Wars	0,920,000 920,000–1,040,000
German Campaign	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,745,000 745,000
Six Days' Campaign	#1814	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,080,000 80,000^[101]
Hundred Days	#1815	War of the Seventh Coalition	0,241,525 241,525
Peninsula Campaign	#1862	American Civil War	0,036,463 36,463^[163]
Battle of Chancellorsville	#1863	American Civil War	0,030,000 30,000^[164]–30,500^[107]
Overland Campaign	#1864	American Civil War	0,087,000 87,000^[165]–92,000^[128]
Appomattox Campaign	#1865	American Civil War	0,016,500 16,500^[131]
Battle of Mukden	#1905	Russo-Japanese War	0,160,000 160,000^[166]
Battle of Lule Burgas	#1912	First Balkan War	0,042,162 42,162+^[167]
First Battle of Çatalca	#1912	First Balkan War	0,022,000 22,000^[168]
Battle of Bregalnica	#1913	Second Balkan War	0,036,620 36,620^[134]
Serbian Campaign (1914)	#1914	World War I	0,437,361 437,361, including prisoners
Battle of the Frontiers	#1914	World War I	0,664,191 664,191
Battle of Tannenberg	#1914	World War I	0,145,000 145,000^[169]–160,000^[170]
Battle of Galicia	#1914	World War I	0,700,000 645,000–700,000
First Battle of the Marne	#1914	World War I	0,513,000 513,000^[171]
First Battle of the Aisne	#1914	World War I	0,263,541 At least 263,541
First Battle of Ypres	#1914	World War I	0,210,000 210,000^[172]
Battle of Łódź	#1914	World War I	0,130,000 130,000^[173]
First Battle of Champagne	#1914–1915	World War I	0,139,532 139,532
Battle of Sarikamish	#1914–1915	World War I	0,139,532 60,000—85,000^[174]
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes	#1915	World War I	0,216,200 216,200
Second Battle of Ypres	#1915	World War I	0,104,208 104,208^[175]–107,000^[176]
Gallipoli Campaign	#1915	World War I	0,503,000 503,000^[175]–552,000^[177]
Second Battle of Artois	#1915	World War I	0,186,000 186,000^[175]
Second Battle of Champagne–Third Battle of Artois	#1915	World War I	0,075,000 75,000^[176]–440,000^[175]
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive	#1915	World War I	0,300,000 300,000–1,087,000^[175]
Great Retreat (Russian)	#1915	World War I	1,943,800 1,943,800+
Serbian Campaign (1915)	#1915	World War I	0,331,000 331,000, including prisoners^[178]
Erzurum Offensive	#1916	World War I	0,139,532 80,000—85,000^[174]
Battle of Verdun	#1916	World War I	0,755,000 755,000^[179]–976,000^[175]
Battle of Asiago	#1916	World War I	0,250,000 250,000^[175]
Brusilov Offensive	#1916	World War I	1,600,000 1,600,000^[175]
Battle of the Somme	#1916	World War I	1,120,000 1,120,000^[180]–1,215,000^[175]
Monastir Offensive	#1916	World War I	0,111,000 111,000^[181]
Romanian Campaign	#1916–1917	World War I	0,240,000 240,000^[175]^{[dubious – discuss]} - 933,000, including prisoners
Nivelle Offensive	#1917	World War I	0,354,000 354,000^[182]
Second Battle of the Aisne	#1917	World War I	0,350,000 350,000-463,000
Battle of Arras	#1917	World War I	0,288,000 278,000-288,000
Battle of Messines	#1917	World War I	0,042,000 42,000^[183]^[184]
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo	#1917	World War I	0,200,000 200,000^[185]
Third Battle of Ypres	#1917	World War I	0,585,000 Over 585,000^[186]
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo	#1917	World War I	0,273,000 273,000
Battle of Caporetto	#1917	World War I	0,060,000 60,000^[187]
Battle of Cambrai	#1917	World War I	0,095,000 95,000^[187]
Spring Offensive	#1918	World War I	1,539,000 1,539,000^[188]
Operation Michael	#1918	World War I	0,494,616 494,616
Battle of the Lys	#1918	World War I	0,228,340 204,300-228,340
Third Battle of the Aisne	#1918	World War I	0,257,000 257,000
Second Battle of the Piave River	#1918	World War I	0,131,494 131,494 killed and wounded, 73,729 prisoners
Second Battle of the Marne	#1918	World War I	0,288,000 288,000^[188]
Hundred Days Offensive	#1918	World War I	2,240,000 2,240,000^[188]
Meuse–Argonne offensive	#1918	World War I	0,318,000 318,000
Battle of Warsaw	#1920	Polish–Soviet War	0,130,000 About 130,000, not including prisoners^[189]
Invasion of Manchuria	#1931	Second Sino-Japanese War	0,035,000 35,000^[190]
Battle of Guadalajara	#1937	Spanish Civil War	0,012,000 12,000^[191]
Battle of Teruel	#1937–1938	Spanish Civil War	0,110,000 110,000, including prisoners^[192]
Battle of the Ebro	#1938	Spanish Civil War	0,106,500 106,500^[192]
Battle of Xuzhou	#1938	World War II	0,130,000 130,000^[193]
1938 Yellow River Flood	#1938	World War II	0,800,000 800,000^[194]
Battles of Khalkhin Gol	#1939	Soviet–Japanese border conflicts	0,042,000 42,000—75,000^[195]^[196]
Invasion of Poland	#1939	World War II	0,310,000 310,000^[197]
Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang	#1939	World War II	0,049,000 49,000^[198]
Winter Offensive	#1939–1940	World War II	0,100,000 100,000+^[199]
Operation Weserübung	#1940	World War II	0,012,800 12,800^[197]
Battle of France	#1940	World War II	0,469,000 469,000^[200]
Hundred Regiments Offensive	#1940	Second Sino-Japanese War	0,062,900 62,900^[201]
Battle of Keren	#1941	World War II	0,100,000 34,000 including over 12,600 killed
Battle of Greece	#1941	World War II	0,046,295 46,295 dead^[202]
Battle of Shanggao	#1941	World War II	0,042,000 42,000^[203]
Battle of Crete	#1941	World War II	0,016,007 16,007 dead ^[204]
Operation Barbarossa	#1941	World War II	5,000,000 5,000,000^[205]–6,000,000^[206]
Battle of Białystok–Minsk	#1941	World War II	0,429,886 429,886 including prisoners ^[207]
Battle of Smolensk (1941)	#1941	World War II	0,595,606 595,606 killed, captured, and missing; 300,000 Soviet prisoners
Battle of Kiev (1941)	#1941	World War II	0,761,783 761,783 killed, captured, and missing
Battle of Moscow	#1941	World War II	1,000,000 1,000,000^[205]
Battle of Hong Kong	#1941	World War II	0,018,000 18,000 including prisoners^[208]
Battle of Malaya/Battle of Singapore	#1941–1942	World War II	0,143,800 143,800, and 60,000 prisoners^[209]
Battle of Bataan/Battle of Corregidor	#1942	World War II	0,030,000 30,000 killed^[210]
Battle of the Kerch Peninsula	#1942	World War II	0,176,000 Over 176,000^[211]
Second Battle of Kharkov	#1942	World War II	0,300,000 300,000^[211]
Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign	#1942	World War II	0,356,000 356,000^[212]
Battle of Gazala	#1942	World War II	0,148,000 148,000^[213]
Case Blue	#1942	World War II	1,400,000 1,400,000
Battle of Voronezh (1942)	#1942	World War II	0,662,847 662,847 including prisoners
Guadalcanal Campaign	#1942–1943	World War II	0,031,100 29,100^[214]–31,100^[215]
Battles of Rzhev	#1942–1943	World War II	3,080,000 2,900,000–3,080,000
Second Battle of El Alamein	#1942	World War II	0,039,400 39,400^[213]–82,500^[216]
Operation Iskra	#1943	World War II	0,129,332 129,332^[217]
Battle of Kursk	#1943	World War II	0,257,125 257,125^[218]–388,000^[219]
Allied invasion of Sicily	#1943	World War II	0,036,000 At least 36,000 killed, and over 100,000 Italian POWs^[220]
Battle of Smolensk (1943)	#1943	World War II	0,522,059 522,059
Dnieper Campaign	#1943	World War II	1,582,000 1,582,000 (lowest est.) – 2,480,000 (highest est.)
Allied invasion of Italy	#1943	World War II	0,017,092 17,092 killed^[221]
Bougainville Campaign	#1943–1945	World War II	0,021,929 21,929 killed, and 23,571 Japanese prisoners^[222]
Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive	#1943–1944	World War II	1,442,956 1,442,956
Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive	#1944	World War II	0,385,604 385,604
Battle of Monte Cassino	#1944	World War II	0,185,000 185,000^[223]
Battle of Narva	#1944	World War II	0,550,000 550,000 all causes^[224]
Operation Shingle	#1944	World War II	0,052,200 52,200 killed^[225]
First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive	#1944	World War II	0,195,000 195,000^[226]
Ichi-Go	#1944	World War II	1,300,000 1,300,000+^[227]
Battle of Normandy	#1944	World War II	0,795,400 650,600^[228]^[229]–795,400^[230]^[229]
Battle of Saipan	#1944	World War II	0,043,500 43,500 killed, including mass suicides^[231]
Operation Bagration	#1944	World War II	1,430,000 1,430,000^[232]
Falaise Pocket	#1944	World War II	0,140,000 140,000^[233]
Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive	#1944	World War II	0,485,424 485,424, including prisoners^[234]
Operation Market Garden	#1944	World War II	0,027,200 27,200^[235]
Battle of Hürtgen Forest	#1944–1945	World War II	0,063,000 63,000^[236]
Battle of Leyte Gulf	#1944	World War II	0,012,000 12,000 killed^[237]
Battle of the Bulge	#1944–1945	World War II	0,218,900 161,370^[160]^[238]–218,900
Vistula–Oder Offensive	#1945	World War II	0,636,191 636,191 including prisoners
Battle of Luzon	#1945	World War II	0,340,330 332,330–345,330, including sick^[239]
Battle of the Rhineland	#1945	World War II	0,082,000 82,000 and 250,000 prisoners^[240]
Battle of Iwo Jima	#1945	World War II	0,044,821 44,821^[241]–48,700^[242]
East Prussian Offensive	#1945	World War II	0,806,778 806,778 including prisoners
Battle of Okinawa	#1945	World War II	0,113,920 113,920^[243]–158,400^[244]
Burma campaigns	#1942–1945	World War II	0,700,000 700,000^[245]
Battle of West Hunan	#1945	World War II	0,050,000 50,000^[246]
Second Guangxi campaign	#1945	World War II	1,000,000 1,000,000^[247]
Arab–Israeli War	#1948–1949	Arab–Israeli conflict	0,012,000 12,000–19,000^[248]
Liaoshen campaign	#1948	Chinese Civil War	0,542,000 542,000, including captured^[249]
Huaihai campaign	#1948	Chinese Civil War	0,689,000 689,000, including captured^[250]
Pingjin campaign	#1948–1949	Chinese Civil War	0,560,000 560,000, including captured^[251]
Shanghai Campaign	#1949	Chinese Civil War	0,213,073 213,073^[252]
Battle of Inchon	#1950	Korean War	0,017,429 17,429^[253]
Invasion of North Korea	#1950	Korean War	0,051,700 51,700^[254]
Battle of Chosin Reservoir	#1950	Korean War	0,066,000 66,000
Battle of Dien Bien Phu	#1954	First Indochina War	0,031,500 31,500, not including prisoners^[255]
Tet Offensive	#1968	Vietnam War	0,065,000 65,000^[256]
Operation OAU	#1968	Nigerian Civil War	0,030,000 30,000^[256]
Easter Offensive	#1972	Vietnam War	0,150,000 150,000^[256]
Operation Dawn 5	#1984	Iran-Iraq War	0,075,000 75,000
Battle of the Marshes	#1984	Iran-Iraq War	0,055,000 55,000

Notes

^ Grant, p. 17
^ Krentz, Peter, The Battle of Marathon (Yale Library of Military History), Yale Univ Press, (2010) p. 98
^ ^a ^b Herodotus (440 BC). Histories.
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 23
^ Freewalt, Jason. "Battle Report: The Battle of Chaeronea 338 BC". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Arrian 1.16.45 – 50
^ "Advance to the East and the battle of Gaugamela", The Genius of Alexander the Great : in Ancient and Medieval Greek Poetry, Bloomsbury Academic, 1997, doi:10.5040/9781472540942.ch-009, ISBN 978-0-7156-2753-2
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 27
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 37
^ Grant, p. 56
^ Ashoka the Great (r. 272–231 BC), Edicts of Ashoka, Major Rock Edict 13.
^ Radhakumud Mookerji (1988). Chandragupta Maurya and His Times. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 81-208-0405-8.
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 39
^ Grant, p. 40
^ Leonard Cottrell (1965). Enemy of Rome. Evans Bros. ISBN 0-237-44320-1.
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 41
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 31
^ Valerius Antias (1st century BC). Manubiae.
^ Albert A. Howard (1906). "Valerius Antias and Livy", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 17, p. 161–182.
^ Canon Rawlinson (1877). "On the Ethnography of the Cimbri", The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 6, p. 150–158.
^ Grant, p. 43
^ Grant, p. 47
^ Wells, Peter S. The Battle that stopped Rome. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 2003, p. 187. ISBN 0-393-32643-8.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Grant, p. 49
^ ^a ^b Records of the Three Kingdoms,
^ Grant, p. 51
^ Book of Jin,
^ Jordanes (22 April 1997). "The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter XLI". Translated by Charles C. Mierow. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
^ Book of Sui, Vol. 60.
^ The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History By Ibn Khaldūn, Franz Rosenthal, N. J.. Dawood pg, 12.
^ "The Sword of Allah", Chapter 22, by Lieutenant-General Agha Ibrahim Akram, Nat. Publishing. House, Rawalpindi (1970) ISBN 978-0-7101-0104-4.
^ A.I.Akram, Sword of Allah, Khalid ibn Walid, ch.13th, pg.137
^ A. I. Akram (1970). The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns. National Publishing House, Rawalpindi. ISBN 0-7101-0104-X.
^ "ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 74
^ Chapuis 1995, p. 77
^ Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian《長編》卷三百上載出師兵員“死者二十萬”，“上曰：「朝廷以交址犯順，故興師討罪，郭逵不能剪滅，垂成而還。今廣源瘴癘之地，我得之未為利，彼失之未為害，一夫不獲，朕尚閔之，况十死五六邪？」又安南之師，死者二十萬，朝廷當任其咎。《續資治通鑑長編·卷三百》”。《越史略》載廣西被殺者“無慮十萬”。《玉海》卷一九三上稱“兵夫三十萬人冒暑涉瘴地，死者過半”。
^ Jonathan Riley-Smith, the Crusades, 2005, p. 109
^ Grant, p. 89
^ Richard Gabriel, Subotai the Valiant.
^ Grant, p. 92
^ Carey, Brian Todd, p. 124
^ Atwood, Christopher Pratt (2004), Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire, New York: Facts On File, p. 579, ISBN 0-8160-4671-9
^ Grant, p. 118
^ Grant, p. 94
^ B.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam.
^ Volume III: To the Year A.D. 1398, Chapter: XVIII. Malfúzát-i Tímúrí, or Túzak-i Tímúrí: The Autobiography or Memoirs of Emperor Tímúr (Taimur the lame). Page 389. 1. Online copy Archived 3 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 2. Online copy Archived 6 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine from: Elliot, Sir H. M., Edited by Dowson, John. The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period; published by London Trubner Company 1867–1877.
^ Grant, p. 95
^ Grant, p. 121
^ Geoff Wade, translator, Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource, Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore, http://www.epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/reign/xuan-de/year-1-month-3-day-13
^ The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses Philip A. Haigh (Chap. 8)
^ Kirtley, Bacil F.; McNally, Raymond T.; Florescu, Radu (October 1973). "In Search of Dracula: A True History of Dracula and Vampire Legends". The Journal of American Folklore. 86 (342): 400. doi:10.2307/539370. ISSN 0021-8715. JSTOR 539370.
^ David, Saul: War, 2009
^ Grant, p. 144
^ Grant, p. 145
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 129
^ Grant, p. 136
^ Grant, p. 132
^ A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun By William Erskine Published by Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1854
^ Grant, p. 134
^ A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol.II, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 531.
^ 류성룡 (Ryu Seong-ryong) <징비록 (Jingbirok: Book of Corrections)>, 선조수정실록 26권, 25(1592 임진 / 명 만력 20년)4월 14일(계묘) 6번째 기사, 연려실기술 인용 <조야기문>
^ "十萬精兵, 一敗塗地" Annals of the Joseon Dynasty http://sillok.history.go.kr/inspection/insp_king.jsp?id=wna_12901024_003&tabid=w Archived 4 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine
^ "sillok.history.go.kr". Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
^ Turnbull, Stephen; Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98. London: Cassell & Co, 2002, p.222
^ Grant, p. 175
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 151
^ Grant, p. 152
^ ^a ^b ^c Grant, p. 149.
^ Lunde, Henrik O. (2014). A Warrior Dynasty: The Rise and Decline of Sweden as a Military Superpower. Havertown: Casemate. p. 177
^ William P. Guthrie (2003). The later Thirty Years War: from the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 141
^ Romański, Romuald (2009). Książę Jeremi Wiśniowiecki. Warszawa: Bellona. p. 338. ISBN 978-83-11-11524-8
^ Rystad, Göran (2005). Kampen om Skåne (in Swedish). p. 140
^ Tucker, Spencer (2010). Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-CLIO. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-59884-429-0.
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bijapur" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 159.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Grant, p. 159
^ Grant, p. 133
^ Sjöström, Oskar (2008). Fraustadt 1706. Ett fält färgat rött (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska Media. pp. 145–146
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 160
^ Lunde, Henrik O. (2014). A Warrior Dynasty: The Rise and Decline of Sweden as a Military Superpower. Havertown: Casemate. p. 270
^ Grant, p. 161
^ Grant, p. 186
^ Franz A. J. Szabo. The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge. 2013. p. 238
^ Duff, ch. V, p. 110
^ Rawlinson, p. 40
^ Archer, Christon (2002). World History of Warfare. U of Nebraska Press. p. 444
^ Dutton, George Edson (2006). The Tây Sơn uprising: society and rebellion in eighteenth-century Vietnam. University of Hawaii Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8248-2984-1.
^ Dowling T. C. Russia at War. From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO, 2014. P. 751
^ Grant, p. 199
^ Dupuy, Trevor N.; Dupuy, R. Ernest (1977). The Encyclopedia of Military History. New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row. p. 691.
^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO.
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 201
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 202
^ ^a ^b ^c Grant, p. 205
^ Castle, I. Aspern/Wagram (1809), Osprey (1990)
^ Grant, p. 208
^ Petrov, А.N. The War between Russia and Turkey, 1806—1812, vol. 1-3. SPb, 1885—87.
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 209
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 212
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 213
^ Grant, p. 214
^ Barbero, pp 419–420 Barbero, Alessandro (2005). The Battle: A New History of Waterloo. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-310-9
^ Grant, p. 215
^ Grant, p. 260
^ Grant, p. 226
^ ^a ^b ^c Grant, p. 227
^ Brewer, p. 36
^ Brewer, p. 38
^ Brewer, p. 46
^ Grant, p. 228
^ Brewer, p. 48
^ Brewer, p. 52
^ http://www.nps.gov/stri/faqs.htm%7C Archived 12 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine#1838
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 258
^ The Paraguayan War Archived 17 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine by William Henry Koebel
^ Grant, p. 259
^ Grant, p. 240
^ Davis, George W. (1903), Annual report of Major General George W. Davis, United States Army commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902 to July 26, 1903, Manila, P.I.. Archived at the Internet Archive
^ Grant, p. 241
^ Zeki Sarıhan: Kurtuluş Savaşı günlüğü: açıklamalı kronoloji. Sakarya savaşı'ndan Lozan'ın açılışına (23 Ağustos 1921-20 Kasım 1922) (engl.:Diary of the independence war: commented chronology. From battle of Sakarya to the opening of Lausanne (23 August 1921–20 November 1922)), Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınları (publishing house), 1996, ISBN 975-16-0517-2, page 62. (in Turkish)
^ Σαγγάριος 1921, Η επική μάχη που σφράγησε την τύχη του Μικρασιατικού Ελληνισμού (in Greek). Εκδόσεις Περισκόπιο. July 2008. p. 32. ISBN 978-960-6740-45-9.
^ Trần Trọng Kim 1971, p. 43
^ Cœdès, George (1966). The Making of South East Asia. University of California Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780520050617.
^ ^a ^b Al-Hassan, A. Y. (2001), The Different aspects of Islamic culture, v. 4: Science and technology in Islam, p. 655, ISBN 92-3-103831-1, retrieved 25 July 2020
^ Mann, p. 143
^ Hassig
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 230
^ John Sweetman, Crimean War, Essential Histories 2, Osprey Publishing, 2001,
^ Third Battle of Nanking, p. 678
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 231
^ Clodfelter M. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500-2000. McFarland, 2002. P. 220
^ Grant, p. 252
^ ^a ^b Hall, p. 112
^ 太原大会战. ISBN 978-7221096166.
^ "Second Battle of Shanghai". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
^ "Battle of Wuhan". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
^ "First Battle of Changsha". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ "Battle of Nanchang". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 8 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh (31 May 2007). Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man. Penguin UK. ISBN 9780141906164.
^ "Battle of South Shanxi". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
^ ^a ^b Glantz (1995), p. 293
^ Hsiung, James. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945. p. 158.
^ Wagner, p. 528
^ Grant, p. 308
^ China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan 1937-1945. p. 161.
^ Tuchman, Barbara. Stilwell and the American Experience in China.
^ Glantz, David (2001), The Siege of Leningrad 1941–44: 900 Days of Terror, Zenith Press, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-7603-0941-8. p. 220
^ Сведения городской комиссии по установлению и расследованию злодеяний немецко-фашистских захватчиков и их сообщников о числе погибшего в Ленинграде населения ЦГА СПб, Ф.8357. Оп.6. Д. 1108 Л. 46–47
^ Harrison Evans Salisbury (1969). The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad. Da Capo Press. p. 590.
^ "World War II: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ". Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
^ Grant, p. 318
^ Glantz, p. 271
^ Krivosheev, pp. 219–220
^ ^a ^b "The Cornerstone of Peace: Number of Names Inscribed". Okinawa Prefecture. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
^ Connaughton, R., Pimlott, J., and Anderson, D., 1995, The Battle for Manila, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 0891415785
^ Khalifa, Hodieb (22 November 2013). Nein. ISBN 9781938759185.
^ Dauria, Tom (2014). Within a Presumption of Godlessness. ISBN 9781480804203.
^ "Battle of Manila". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b Vogel 2001, p. 632.
^ ANDREW JACOBS (2 October 2009). "China Is Wordless on Traumas of Communists' Rise". New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
^ Chang, Jung; Halliday, Jon. 2006. Mao: The Unknown Story. London: Vintage Books. p383.
^ Brewer, p. 33
^ Brewer, p. 42
^ Brewer, p. 53
^ Grant, p. 253
^ Hall, p. 31
^ Hall, p. 36
^ Brewer, p. 99
^ Grant, p. 271
^ Brewer, p. 100
^ Grant, p. 272
^ Brewer, p. 110
^ ^a ^b Allen W. E. D., Muratoff P. Caucasian Battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border 1828–1921. Cambridge University Press. 2011. P. 284
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Brewer, p. 142
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 273
^ Grant, p. 282
^ Spencer Tucker, "Encyclopedia of World War I"(2005) pg 1077, ISBN 1851094202
^ Grant, p. 276
^ Grant, p. 279
^ Tucker, 810
^ Grant, p. 277
^ Brewer, p. 150
^ Grant, p. 280
^ Brewer, p. 151
^ Brewer, p. 152
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 281
^ ^a ^b ^c Grant, p. 286
^ Grant, p. 292
^ "RESISTANCE WARS -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China". www.republicanchina.org. Archived from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
^ Grant, p. 294
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 295
^ "Victory at Tai'erzhuang in the Battle of Xuzhou (12) – Xinhua | English.news.cn". news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
^ Lary, Diana (1 April 2001). "Drowned Earth: The Strategic Breaching of the Yellow River Dyke, 1938". War in History. 8 (2): 191–207. doi:10.1177/096834450100800204. ISSN 0968-3445. S2CID 159547176.
^ Grant, p. 293
^ Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939. Leavenworth Papers №2. by Edward J. Rea" Combat Studies Institute, fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1981
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 298
^ Archived copy, archived from the original on 29 June 2016, retrieved 9 November 2015CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ （抗日战争）冬季攻势述评. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011.
^ Grant, p. 299
^ Garber, John. Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937–1945. p. 120.
^ Wagner, p. 474
^ 上高会战——痛歼日寇彪炳史册. www.huaxia.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
^ Wagner, p. 479
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 306
^ Wagner, p. 480
^ Liedtke, Gregory (2016). Enduring the Whirlwind: The German Army and the Russo-German War 1941-1943. Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1910777756, pp.127-128.
^ Grant, p. 323
^ Wagner, p. 502
^ Wagner, p. 499
^ ^a ^b Erickson, p. 90
^ "Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ ^a ^b Grant, p. 302
^ Wagner, p. 522
^ Grant, p. 326
^ Wagner, p. 531
^ Erickson, p. 138
^ Wagner, p. 547
^ Grant, p. 307
^ Wagner, p. 550
^ Wagner, p. 555
^ Wagner, p. 560
^ Grant, p. 303
^ Mart Laar (2006). Sinimäed 1944: II maailmasõja lahingud Kirde-Eestis (Sinimäed Hills 1944: Battles of World War II in Northeast Estonia) (in Estonian). Tallinn: Varrak.
^ Wagner, p. 567
^ Glantz, p. 381
^ Pike, Francis (18 June 2015). Hirohito's War: The Pacific War, 1941–1945. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472596727.
^ Whitmarsh 2009, p. 109.
^ ^a ^b Beevor 2009, p. 519.
^ Giangreco, Moore & Polmar 2004, p. 252.
^ Wagner, p. 587
^ Brewer, p. 306
^ Grant, p. 316
^ Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century, ISBN 1-85367-280-7, Greenhill Books, 1997; (chapter on the Jassy-Kishinev operation in Russian Archived 26 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine)
^ Wagner, p. 592
^ Wagner, p. 594
^ Wagner, p. 596
^ Wagner, p. 600
^ Wagner, p. 606
^ Grant, p. 317
^ Wagner, p. 608
^ Grant, p. 328
^ Wagner, p. 612
^ Grant, p. 329
^ McLynn. The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945. p. 1.
^ 湘西会战：历时两月最终以日军彻底溃败而告终. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013.
^ "Articles on 1945 in China, Including: Battle of West Hunan, Battle of West Henan North Hubei, Second Guangxi Campaign, Shangdang Campaign, Handan Cam (English) – Buy Articles on 1945 in China, Including: Battle of West Hunan, Battle of West Henan North Hubei, Second Guangxi Campaign, Shangdang Campaign, Handan Cam (English) by Books, Hephaestus|author; Online at Best Prices in India - Flipkart.com". Flipkart.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
^ Grant, p. 344
^ Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign
^ Yu and Huaihai Campaign, p.5
^ Pingjin rewrite history? ? Tianjin Campaign
^ "Chinese Civil War, 1945–1949 – Military History – Oxford Bibliographies – obo". www.oxfordbibliographies.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
^ Grant, p. 334
^ Grant, p. 335
^ Grant, p. 338
^ ^a ^b ^c Grant, p. 341

References

Brewer, Paul (2007). The Chronicle of War: A Year-by-Year Account of Conflict from 1854 to the Present Day. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-74181-342-5.
Erickson, John (2001). Hitler versus Stalin: The Second World War on the Eastern Front in Photographs. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 1-84222-260-0.
Glantz, David M. (1998). When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0899-0.
Grant, R. G. (2005). Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7566-1360-4.
Hassig, Ross (1994). Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. New York: Longman. ISBN 9780806137933.
Krivosheev, G. F. (1997). Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century. Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-280-7.
Mann, Charles (2005). 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Vintage Books. 1491: New Revelations.
Tucker, Spencer, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of World War I. 4. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-420-2.
Wagner, Margaret; Kennedy, D. M.; Osborne, L. B.; Reyburn, S. (2007). The Library of Congress World War II Companion. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5219-5.
《White blood-red》 Zhang Zhenglong PLA Publishing House in August 1989 ISBN 7-01-000381-5/ISBN 7-01-000413-7
Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign
Alistair Horne. (1977). A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962. ISBN 1590172183.
James Grant Duff. (2001). A history of the Mahrattas (3 volumes). Yokai Publishing. ISBN 0857924621.
H. R. G Rawlinson. (2006). An account of the last battle of Panipat, and the events leading to it. Hesperides Publishing. ISBN 9781406726251.
Hall, Richard C. (2000). The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22946-4.

[Grant,_p._17-1] Grant, p. 17

[2] Krentz, Peter, The Battle of Marathon (Yale Library of Military History), Yale Univ Press, (2010) p. 98

[Herodotus-3] Herodotus (440 BC). Histories.

[Grant23-4] Grant, p. 23

[5] Freewalt, Jason. "Battle Report: The Battle of Chaeronea 338 BC". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[6] Arrian 1.16.45 – 50

[7] "Advance to the East and the battle of Gaugamela", The Genius of Alexander the Great : in Ancient and Medieval Greek Poetry, Bloomsbury Academic, 1997, doi:10.5040/9781472540942.ch-009, ISBN 978-0-7156-2753-2

[Grant27-8] Grant, p. 27

[Grant37-9] Grant, p. 37

[10] Grant, p. 56

[11] Ashoka the Great (r. 272–231 BC), Edicts of Ashoka, Major Rock Edict 13.

[12] Radhakumud Mookerji (1988). Chandragupta Maurya and His Times. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 81-208-0405-8.

[Grant39-13] Grant, p. 39

[14] Grant, p. 40

[15] Leonard Cottrell (1965). Enemy of Rome. Evans Bros. ISBN 0-237-44320-1.

[Grant41-16] Grant, p. 41

[Grant31-17] Grant, p. 31

[18] Valerius Antias (1st century BC). Manubiae.

[19] Albert A. Howard (1906). "Valerius Antias and Livy", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 17, p. 161–182.

[20] Canon Rawlinson (1877). "On the Ethnography of the Cimbri", The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 6, p. 150–158.

[21] Grant, p. 43

[22] Grant, p. 47

[23] Wells, Peter S. The Battle that stopped Rome. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 2003, p. 187. ISBN 0-393-32643-8.

[24] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[25] Grant, p. 49

[ReferenceA-26] Records of the Three Kingdoms,

[27] Grant, p. 51

[28] Book of Jin,

[29] Jordanes (22 April 1997). "The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter XLI". Translated by Charles C. Mierow. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2013.

[30] Book of Sui, Vol. 60.

[31] The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History By Ibn Khaldūn, Franz Rosenthal, N. J.. Dawood pg, 12.

[32] "The Sword of Allah", Chapter 22, by Lieutenant-General Agha Ibrahim Akram, Nat. Publishing. House, Rawalpindi (1970) ISBN 978-0-7101-0104-4.

[33] A.I.Akram, Sword of Allah, Khalid ibn Walid, ch.13th, pg.137

[34] A. I. Akram (1970). The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns. National Publishing House, Rawalpindi. ISBN 0-7101-0104-X.

[35] "ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.

[Grant74-36] Grant, p. 74

[Chapuis77-37] Chapuis 1995, p. 77

[38] Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian《長編》卷三百上載出師兵員“死者二十萬”，“上曰：「朝廷以交址犯順，故興師討罪，郭逵不能剪滅，垂成而還。今廣源瘴癘之地，我得之未為利，彼失之未為害，一夫不獲，朕尚閔之，况十死五六邪？」又安南之師，死者二十萬，朝廷當任其咎。《續資治通鑑長編·卷三百》”。《越史略》載廣西被殺者“無慮十萬”。《玉海》卷一九三上稱“兵夫三十萬人冒暑涉瘴地，死者過半”。

[39] Jonathan Riley-Smith, the Crusades, 2005, p. 109

[40] Grant, p. 89

[41] Richard Gabriel, Subotai the Valiant.

[42] Grant, p. 92

[43] Carey, Brian Todd, p. 124

[44] Atwood, Christopher Pratt (2004), Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire, New York: Facts On File, p. 579, ISBN 0-8160-4671-9

[45] Grant, p. 118

[46] Grant, p. 94

[EI-47] B.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam.

[packhum389-48] Volume III: To the Year A.D. 1398, Chapter: XVIII. Malfúzát-i Tímúrí, or Túzak-i Tímúrí: The Autobiography or Memoirs of Emperor Tímúr (Taimur the lame). Page 389. 1. Online copy Archived 3 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 2. Online copy Archived 6 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine from: Elliot, Sir H. M., Edited by Dowson, John. The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period; published by London Trubner Company 1867–1877.

[49] Grant, p. 95

[50] Grant, p. 121

[51] Geoff Wade, translator, Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource, Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore, http://www.epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/reign/xuan-de/year-1-month-3-day-13

[52] The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses Philip A. Haigh (Chap. 8)

[53] Kirtley, Bacil F.; McNally, Raymond T.; Florescu, Radu (October 1973). "In Search of Dracula: A True History of Dracula and Vampire Legends". The Journal of American Folklore. 86 (342): 400. doi:10.2307/539370. ISSN 0021-8715. JSTOR 539370.

[54] David, Saul: War, 2009

[55] Grant, p. 144

[56] Grant, p. 145

[Grant129-57] Grant, p. 129

[58] Grant, p. 136

[59] Grant, p. 132

[60] A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun By William Erskine Published by Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1854

[61] Grant, p. 134

[62] A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol.II, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 531.

[63] 류성룡 (Ryu Seong-ryong) <징비록 (Jingbirok: Book of Corrections)>, 선조수정실록 26권, 25(1592 임진 / 명 만력 20년)4월 14일(계묘) 6번째 기사, 연려실기술 인용 <조야기문>

[64] "十萬精兵, 一敗塗地" Annals of the Joseon Dynasty http://sillok.history.go.kr/inspection/insp_king.jsp?id=wna_12901024_003&tabid=w Archived 4 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine

[65] "sillok.history.go.kr". Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.

[66] Turnbull, Stephen; Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98. London: Cassell & Co, 2002, p.222

[67] Grant, p. 175

[Grant151-68] Grant, p. 151

[Grant152-69] Grant, p. 152

[Grant149-70] Grant, p. 149.

[71] Lunde, Henrik O. (2014). A Warrior Dynasty: The Rise and Decline of Sweden as a Military Superpower. Havertown: Casemate. p. 177

[72] William P. Guthrie (2003). The later Thirty Years War: from the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 141

[73] Romański, Romuald (2009). Książę Jeremi Wiśniowiecki. Warszawa: Bellona. p. 338. ISBN 978-83-11-11524-8

[74] Rystad, Göran (2005). Kampen om Skåne (in Swedish). p. 140

[75] Tucker, Spencer (2010). Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-CLIO. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-59884-429-0.

[76] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bijapur" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 159.

[Grant159-77] Grant, p. 159

[Grant133-78] Grant, p. 133

[79] Sjöström, Oskar (2008). Fraustadt 1706. Ett fält färgat rött (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska Media. pp. 145–146

[Grant160-80] Grant, p. 160

[81] Lunde, Henrik O. (2014). A Warrior Dynasty: The Rise and Decline of Sweden as a Military Superpower. Havertown: Casemate. p. 270

[82] Grant, p. 161

[83] Grant, p. 186

[84] Franz A. J. Szabo. The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge. 2013. p. 238

[85] Duff, ch. V, p. 110

[86] Rawlinson, p. 40

[87] Archer, Christon (2002). World History of Warfare. U of Nebraska Press. p. 444

[88] Dutton, George Edson (2006). The Tây Sơn uprising: society and rebellion in eighteenth-century Vietnam. University of Hawaii Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8248-2984-1.

[89] Dowling T. C. Russia at War. From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO, 2014. P. 751

[90] Grant, p. 199

[91] Dupuy, Trevor N.; Dupuy, R. Ernest (1977). The Encyclopedia of Military History. New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row. p. 691.

[92] Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO.

[Grant201-93] Grant, p. 201

[Grant,_p._202-94] Grant, p. 202

[Grant205-95] Grant, p. 205

[Wagram-96] Castle, I. Aspern/Wagram (1809), Osprey (1990)

[97] Grant, p. 208

[98] Petrov, А.N. The War between Russia and Turkey, 1806—1812, vol. 1-3. SPb, 1885—87.

[Grant209-99] Grant, p. 209

[Grant212-100] Grant, p. 212

[Grant213-101] Grant, p. 213

[Grant214-102] Grant, p. 214

[103] Barbero, pp 419–420 Barbero, Alessandro (2005). The Battle: A New History of Waterloo. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-310-9

[104] Grant, p. 215

[105] Grant, p. 260

[106] Grant, p. 226

[Grant227-107] Grant, p. 227

[108] Brewer, p. 36

[109] Brewer, p. 38

[110] Brewer, p. 46

[111] Grant, p. 228

[112] Brewer, p. 48

[113] Brewer, p. 52

[114] ttp://www.nps.gov/stri/faqs.htm%7C Archived 12 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine#1838

[Grant258-115] Grant, p. 258

[tuyuti-116] The Paraguayan War Archived 17 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine by William Henry Koebel

[Grant259-117] Grant, p. 259

[118] Grant, p. 240

[119] Davis, George W. (1903), Annual report of Major General George W. Davis, United States Army commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902 to July 26, 1903, Manila, P.I.. Archived at the Internet Archive

[120] Grant, p. 241

[121] Zeki Sarıhan: Kurtuluş Savaşı günlüğü: açıklamalı kronoloji. Sakarya savaşı'ndan Lozan'ın açılışına (23 Ağustos 1921-20 Kasım 1922) (engl.:Diary of the independence war: commented chronology. From battle of Sakarya to the opening of Lausanne (23 August 1921–20 November 1922)), Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınları (publishing house), 1996, ISBN 975-16-0517-2, page 62. (in Turkish)

[122] Σαγγάριος 1921, Η επική μάχη που σφράγησε την τύχη του Μικρασιατικού Ελληνισμού (in Greek). Εκδόσεις Περισκόπιο. July 2008. p. 32. ISBN 978-960-6740-45-9.

[Tran43-123] Trần Trọng Kim 1971, p. 43

[southeast-124] Cœdès, George (1966). The Making of South East Asia. University of California Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780520050617.

[UNESDOC_Islamic_Culture_Vol_4_SciTech-125] Al-Hassan, A. Y. (2001), The Different aspects of Islamic culture, v. 4: Science and technology in Islam, p. 655, ISBN 92-3-103831-1, retrieved 25 July 2020

[126] Mann, p. 143

[127] Hassig

[Grant230-128] Grant, p. 230

[129] John Sweetman, Crimean War, Essential Histories 2, Osprey Publishing, 2001,

[130] Third Battle of Nanking, p. 678

[Grant231-131] Grant, p. 231

[132] Clodfelter M. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500-2000. McFarland, 2002. P. 220

[133] Grant, p. 252

[Hall1-134] Hall, p. 112

[135] 太原大会战. ISBN 978-7221096166.

[136] "Second Battle of Shanghai". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.

[137] "Battle of Wuhan". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.

[138] "First Battle of Changsha". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

[139] "Battle of Nanchang". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 8 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

[140] Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh (31 May 2007). Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man. Penguin UK. ISBN 9780141906164.

[141] "Battle of South Shanxi". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

[glantz-142] Glantz (1995), p. 293

[143] Hsiung, James. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945. p. 158.

[144] Wagner, p. 528

[145] Grant, p. 308

[146] China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan 1937-1945. p. 161.

[147] Tuchman, Barbara. Stilwell and the American Experience in China.

[148] Glantz, David (2001), The Siege of Leningrad 1941–44: 900 Days of Terror, Zenith Press, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-7603-0941-8. p. 220

[149] Сведения городской комиссии по установлению и расследованию злодеяний немецко-фашистских захватчиков и их сообщников о числе погибшего в Ленинграде населения ЦГА СПб, Ф.8357. Оп.6. Д. 1108 Л. 46–47

[Harvnb-150] Harrison Evans Salisbury (1969). The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad. Da Capo Press. p. 590.

[151] "World War II: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ". Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2009.

[Grant318-152] Grant, p. 318

[153] Glantz, p. 271

[154] Krivosheev, pp. 219–220

[heiwa-155] "The Cornerstone of Peace: Number of Names Inscribed". Okinawa Prefecture. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.

[156] Connaughton, R., Pimlott, J., and Anderson, D., 1995, The Battle for Manila, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 0891415785

[157] Khalifa, Hodieb (22 November 2013). Nein. ISBN 9781938759185.

[158] Dauria, Tom (2014). Within a Presumption of Godlessness. ISBN 9781480804203.

[159] "Battle of Manila". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2015.

[FOOTNOTEVogel2001632-160] Vogel 2001, p. 632.

[161] ANDREW JACOBS (2 October 2009). "China Is Wordless on Traumas of Communists' Rise". New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2012.

[162] Chang, Jung; Halliday, Jon. 2006. Mao: The Unknown Story. London: Vintage Books. p383.

[163] Brewer, p. 33

[164] Brewer, p. 42

[165] Brewer, p. 53

[166] Grant, p. 253

[Hall2-167] Hall, p. 31

[Hall3-168] Hall, p. 36

[169] Brewer, p. 99

[170] Grant, p. 271

[171] Brewer, p. 100

[172] Grant, p. 272

[173] Brewer, p. 110

[Allen_W._E._D._1921._P._284-174] Allen W. E. D., Muratoff P. Caucasian Battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border 1828–1921. Cambridge University Press. 2011. P. 284

[Brewer-175] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Brewer, p. 142

[Grant273-176] Grant, p. 273

[177] Grant, p. 282

[178] Spencer Tucker, "Encyclopedia of World War I"(2005) pg 1077, ISBN 1851094202

[179] Grant, p. 276

[180] Grant, p. 279

[181] Tucker, 810

[182] Grant, p. 277

[183] Brewer, p. 150

[184] Grant, p. 280

[185] Brewer, p. 151

[186] Brewer, p. 152

[Grant281-187] Grant, p. 281

[Grant286-188] Grant, p. 286

[189] Grant, p. 292

[190] "RESISTANCE WARS -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China". www.republicanchina.org. Archived from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.

[191] Grant, p. 294

[Grant295-192] Grant, p. 295

[193] "Victory at Tai'erzhuang in the Battle of Xuzhou (12) – Xinhua | English.news.cn". news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

[194] Lary, Diana (1 April 2001). "Drowned Earth: The Strategic Breaching of the Yellow River Dyke, 1938". War in History. 8 (2): 191–207. doi:10.1177/096834450100800204. ISSN 0968-3445. S2CID 159547176.

[195] Grant, p. 293

[196] Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939. Leavenworth Papers №2. by Edward J. Rea" Combat Studies Institute, fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1981

[Grant298-197] Grant, p. 298

[198] Archived copy, archived from the original on 29 June 2016, retrieved 9 November 2015CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[199] （抗日战争）冬季攻势述评. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011.

[200] Grant, p. 299

[201] Garber, John. Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937–1945. p. 120.

[202] Wagner, p. 474

[203] 上高会战——痛歼日寇彪炳史册. www.huaxia.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2015.

[204] Wagner, p. 479

[Grant306-205] Grant, p. 306

[206] Wagner, p. 480

[207] Liedtke, Gregory (2016). Enduring the Whirlwind: The German Army and the Russo-German War 1941-1943. Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1910777756, pp.127-128.

[Grant323-208] Grant, p. 323

[209] Wagner, p. 502

[210] Wagner, p. 499

[Erickson90-211] Erickson, p. 90

[212] "Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign". WW2DB. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

[Grant302-213] Grant, p. 302

[214] Wagner, p. 522

[215] Grant, p. 326

[216] Wagner, p. 531

[217] Erickson, p. 138

[218] Wagner, p. 547

[219] Grant, p. 307

[220] Wagner, p. 550

[221] Wagner, p. 555

[222] Wagner, p. 560

[223] Grant, p. 303

[laar-224] Mart Laar (2006). Sinimäed 1944: II maailmasõja lahingud Kirde-Eestis (Sinimäed Hills 1944: Battles of World War II in Northeast Estonia) (in Estonian). Tallinn: Varrak.

[225] Wagner, p. 567

[226] Glantz, p. 381

[227] Pike, Francis (18 June 2015). Hirohito's War: The Pacific War, 1941–1945. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472596727.

[FOOTNOTEWhitmarsh2009109-228] Whitmarsh 2009, p. 109.

[FOOTNOTEBeevor2009519-229] Beevor 2009, p. 519.

[FOOTNOTEGiangrecoMoorePolmar2004252-230] Giangreco, Moore & Polmar 2004, p. 252.

[231] Wagner, p. 587

[232] Brewer, p. 306

[Grant316-233] Grant, p. 316

[krivosheev-234] Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century, ISBN 1-85367-280-7, Greenhill Books, 1997; (chapter on the Jassy-Kishinev operation in Russian Archived 26 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine)

[235] Wagner, p. 592

[236] Wagner, p. 594

[237] Wagner, p. 596

[238] Wagner, p. 600

[239] Wagner, p. 606

[240] Grant, p. 317

[241] Wagner, p. 608

[242] Grant, p. 328

[243] Wagner, p. 612

[244] Grant, p. 329

[245] McLynn. The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945. p. 1.

[246] 湘西会战：历时两月最终以日军彻底溃败而告终. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013.

[247] "Articles on 1945 in China, Including: Battle of West Hunan, Battle of West Henan North Hubei, Second Guangxi Campaign, Shangdang Campaign, Handan Cam (English) – Buy Articles on 1945 in China, Including: Battle of West Hunan, Battle of West Henan North Hubei, Second Guangxi Campaign, Shangdang Campaign, Handan Cam (English) by Books, Hephaestus|author; Online at Best Prices in India - Flipkart.com". Flipkart.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[248] Grant, p. 344

[249] Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign

[250] Yu and Huaihai Campaign, p.5

[251] Pingjin rewrite history? ? Tianjin Campaign

[252] "Chinese Civil War, 1945–1949 – Military History – Oxford Bibliographies – obo". www.oxfordbibliographies.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2015.

[253] Grant, p. 334

[254] Grant, p. 335

[Grant338-255] Grant, p. 338

[Grant341-256] Grant, p. 341

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]