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List of manufacturing processes

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This tree lists various manufacturing processes arranged by similarity of function.

A thermal oxidizer blends several manufacturing processes such as molding, forming, machining, etc.

Contents

1 Casting
2 Labeling and painting
3 Moulding
4 Forming
5 Machining
6 Joining
7 Additive manufacturing
8 Other
9 References

Casting

Main article: Casting

Centrifugal casting (industrial)
Continuous casting
Die casting
Evaporative-pattern casting
- Full-mold casting
- Lost-foam casting
Investment casting (Lost-wax casting)
- Countergravity casting^[1]
- Lost-foam casting
Low pressure die casting
Permanent mold casting
Plastic mold casting
Resin casting
Sand casting
Shell molding
Slush casting, Slurry casting

Vacuum molding

Data from Fundamentals of modern manufacturing^[2]

Labeling and painting

Main articles: Imaging and Coating

Laser engraving
Inkjet printing
Chemical vapor deposition
Sputter deposition
Plating
Thermal spraying

Moulding

Main article: Moulding (process) § Types

Powder metallurgy
Plastics (see also Rapid prototyping)
Shrink wrapping

Forming

Main article: Forming (metalworking)

End tube forming
- Tube beading
Forging
- Smith
- Hammer forge
- Drop forge
- Press
- Impact (see also Extrusion)
- Upset
- No draft
- High-energy-rate
- Cored
- Incremental
- Powder
Rolling (Thick plate and sheet metal)
- Cold rolling
- Hot rolling
- Sheet metal
- Shape
- Ring
- Transverse
- Cryorolling
- Orbital
- Cross-rolling
- Thread
  - Screw thread
  - Thread rolling
Extrusion
- Impact extrusion
Pressing
- Embossing
- Stretch forming
- Blanking (see drawing below)
- Drawing (manufacturing) (pulling sheet metal, wire, bar, or tube
  - Bulging
  - Necking
  - Nosing
- Deep drawing (sinks, auto body)
Bending
- Hemming
Shearing
- Blanking and piercing
  - Trimming
  - Shaving
  - Notching
  - Perforating
  - Nibbling
  - Dinking
  - Lancing
  - Cutoff
- Stamping
- Coining
- Straight shearing
  - Slitting
Other

Machining

Main article: Machining

Mills
- Grist mill
- Hammer mill
- Ball mill
- Buhrstone mill
- Disc mill
- Saw mill
- Steel mill
  - Blast furnace
  - Smelting
  - Refining
  - Reduction mill
  - Annealing
  - Pickling
  - Passivate
  - Coating
Milling
Turning
- Lathe
- Facing
- Boring (also Single pass bore finishing)
- Spinning (flow turning)
- Knurling
- Hard turning
- Cutoff (parting)
Drilling
- Friction drilling
Reaming
Countersinking
Tapping
Sawing
- Filing
Broaching
Shaping
Planing
Honing (Sharpening)
- Electro-chemical grinding
Finishing & industrial finishing
- Abrasive blasting (sand blasting)
- Buffing
- Burnishing
- Electroplating
- Electropolishing
- Magnetic field-assisted finishing
- Etching
- Linishing
- Mass finishing
  - Tumbling (barrel finishing)
    - Spindle finishing
  - Vibratory finishing
- Plating
- Polishing
- Superfinishing
- Wire brushing
Routing
Hobbing
Ultrasonic machining
Electrical discharge
Electrical discharge machining (EDM)
Electron beam machining
Electrochemical machining
Chemical
Photochemical
Laser cutting
- Laser drilling
Grinding
- High stock removal
Gashing
Biomachining

Joining

Welding
- Arc
- Oxyfuel gas
  - Oxy-acetylene gas
  - Methylacetylene propadiene (MAPP)
  - Air-acetylene
  - Oxyhydrogen
  - Pressure gas
    - CO₂
- Resistance
- Projection welding
- Seam
- Upset welding
- Percussion (manufacturing)
- Solid state welding
  - Ultrasonic
  - Explosive
  - Diffusion
  - Friction welding
  - Inertia
  - Forge
  - Cold
  - Roll
- Electron beam welding
- Laser welding
- Thermite
- Induction
  - Low frequency (50–450 Hz)
  - High frequency (induction resistance; 200–450 kHz)
- Others
Brazing
- Torch
- Induction brazing
- Furnace
- Dip
Soldering
- Iron
- Hot plate
- Oven
- Induction
- Dip
- Wave
- Ultrasonic
Sintering
Adhesive bonding (incomplete)
- Thermo-setting and thermoplastic
- Epoxy
- Modified epoxy
- Phenolics
- Polyurethane
- Adhesive alloys
- Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes
Fastening wood and metal
- Nailing
- Screwing
- (By material fastened)
  - Machine (Metal)
  - Wood Screws
- (By slot type)
  - Phillips ("Plus sign" in Canada)
  - Straight ("Minus sign" in Canada)
- (By shape)
  - Round head
  - Flat head
  - Box head
  - Hex
  - Lag
- Nut and bolts
- Riveting
- Clinching
- Pinning
- Stitching
- Stapling
Press fitting

Additive manufacturing

3D printing
Direct metal laser sintering^[3]
Filament winding, produces composite pipes, tanks, etc.
Fused deposition modeling
Laminated object manufacturing
Laser engineered net shaping
Rapid Induction Printing
Selective laser sintering
Spark plasma sintering
Stereolithography

Other

Mining
Chemical manufacturing
Petroleum refining
Semiconductor fabrication
Assembly line
Packaging and labeling
Logistics
Woodworking
- Joinery (see also Joining, above)
  - Lapping
  - Mortising
  - Routing (see above)
  - Biscuit joiner
Vulcanization
Heat treating
Bake-out

References

^ "Hitchiner's Countergravity Casting Services". Hitchiner Manufacturing Co. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
^ Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of modern manufacturing (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 225–245. ISBN 978-0470-467008.
^ Foust, Jeff (2014-06-09). "SpaceX unveils its "21st century spaceship"". NewSpace Journal. Archived from the original on 2014-05-31. Retrieved 2014-05-31.